The basis for this strong acceptance is a combination of extensive evidence of something not occurring, combined with an underlying theory, very successful in making predictions, whose assumptions lead logically to the conclusion that something is impossible. In natural science, impossibility assertions come to be widely accepted as overwhelmingly probable rather than considered proved to the point of being unchallengeable. Validity, accuracy, and quality control, such as peer review and repeatability of findings, are amongst the most respected criteria in today's global scientific community. Philosophers of science have suggested several criteria, including Karl Popper's controversial falsifiability criterion, to help them differentiate scientific endeavors from non-scientific ones. Today, "natural history" suggests observational descriptions aimed at popular audiences. Systematic data collection, including discovery science, succeeded natural history, which emerged in the 16th century by describing and classifying plants, animals, minerals, and so on. Still, philosophical perspectives, conjectures, and presuppositions, often overlooked, remain necessary in natural science. Galileo, Descartes, Bacon, and Newton debated the benefits of using approaches which were more mathematical and more experimental in a methodical way. Modern natural science succeeded more classical approaches to natural philosophy, usually traced to Taoist traditions in Asia and in Europe to ancient Greece. As empirical sciences, natural sciences use tools from the formal sciences, such as mathematics and logic, converting information about nature into measurements which can be explained as clear statements of the " laws of nature". These branches of natural science may be further divided into more specialized branches (also known as fields). Life science is alternatively known as biology, and physical science is subdivided into branches: physics, chemistry, earth science, and astronomy. Natural science can be divided into two main branches: life science and physical science. Mechanisms such as peer review and repeatability of findings are used to try to ensure the validity of scientific advances. Natural science is one of the branches of science concerned with the description, understanding and prediction of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation.
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